Digital Therapeutics for Management of Chronic Diseases
Gaurav. N. Patil1, Akash. S. Jain2, Divakar. R. Patil3, Azam. Z. Shaikh4, Sameer. R. Shaikh5, Hitendra. S. Chaudhari6, S. P. Pawar7
1Student of Final Year B. Pharmacy, P.S.G.V.P. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Shahada, India.
2,3,4,5,6Assistant Professors, P.S.G.V.P. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Shahada, India.
7Principle P.G.V.P. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Shahada, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: gp927634@gmail.com
Abstract:
Digital therapeutics (DTx) mark a major advancement in modern medicine, using advanced software technologies to deliver clinically validated treatments for various physical and mental health conditions. Unlike general wellness apps that focus on fitness or lifestyle tracking, DTx are evidence-based medical interventions developed through rigorous clinical research to ensure safety, efficacy, and measurable outcomes. Delivered via digital platforms such as smartphones, tablets, or specialized medical devices, DTx aim to prevent, manage, and treat diseases through personalized and data-driven care. The rapid progress of information and communication technologies (ICT) has accelerated digital healthcare innovation, as seen with Pear Therapeutics’ reset the first FDA-approved DTx in 2017 for substance use disorder. This milestone signaled the start of a new era in medicine, where digital treatments can complement or even replace traditional drug-based therapies. Chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and respiratory illnesses cause over 70% of global deaths, often due to poor lifestyle habits and aging populations. DTx offer continuous, personalized care through real-time monitoring, behavioral insights, and feedback, helping patients manage their conditions more effectively. Technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) further enhance outcomes by improving adherence, reducing medical errors, and lowering hospitalization rates. Since the FDA’s first approval, the DTx market has expanded rapidly, with over 400 products now available or in development to address conditions from depression and insomnia to diabetes and hypertension. Their key advantages accessibility, affordability, and scalability make DTx a powerful alternative to traditional, in-person healthcare. By merging clinical science with digital innovation, digital therapeutics are reshaping the healthcare landscape, shifting it from reactive illness treatment toward proactive, preventive, and personalized care for long-term well-being.
KEYWORDS: DTx, Technology, AI, Machine Learning, Chronic Diseases.
1. INTRODUCTION:
Definition of Digital Therapeutics (DTx):
A subset of digital health known as "digital therapeutics" (DTx) uses software-based treatments to treat, manage, or prevent physical and mental health issues. In contrast to generic health applications, DTx are intended to yield quantifiable health results and provide scientifically proven medicines directly to patients, frequently via web or mobile platforms1.
Digital healthcare, which combines ICT and health services, is quickly becoming more significant as the global digital revolution progresses. Pear Therapeutics' "reSET" for drug use disorder was approved by the FDA, extending the scope of digital healthcare beyond wellness to encompass illness prevention, management, and treatment2. Globally, the prevalence of chronic illnesses is growing, and many patients struggle to modify their lifestyles and take their medications as prescribed. Disease loads grow as a result of health care professionals' frequent lack of instruments to assess compliance. In order to handle these problems, digital technologies are becoming more and more important. With significant increase in digital therapeutics tools that facilitate coaching, behaviour modification, monitoring, adherence, and real-time health recommendations global financing for digital health reached around $57.2 billion in 2021. Funding for mental health solutions also increased, totalling around $8.9 billion3.
Importance in Chronic Disease Management:
Every year, chronic illnesses such as diabetes, respiratory problems, and cardiovascular disorders account for more than 70% of fatalities worldwide (WHO, 2022). Because these conditions require continuous care and control, they put a burden on healthcare systems. Poor diets, sedentary lifestyles, and aging populations are all contributing factors to their increasing prevalence. For instance, 537million individuals have diabetes (IDF, 2021), and 17.9 million people die each year from cardiovascular illnesses, making them the leading cause of mortality (Nathan et al., 2024)4. Immersion technologies like AR and VR dramatically enhance health results, according to recent research. VR platforms increased drug adherence by 25–35% in chronic illnesses, while AR-guided medicine systems reduced dose mistakes in older patients by 30%. Hospitalizations for COPD also decreased by 20% as a result of AR inhaler training5. Following the FDA's approval of the first digital therapies (DTx) for opioid use disorder, DTx gained popularity in 2017. Germany started a Fast-Track procedure for DTx reimbursement by 2019, and Belgium, Japan, Korea, and the UK thereafter followed suit. There are over 400 DTx products on the market or in development globally at the moment6.
Difference Between DTx and Traditional Therapies
Personalized treatments based on real-time data, proactive care, and ongoing monitoring are the main focuses of digital therapeutics (DTx), which employ digital platforms for therapy. Traditional therapy, on the other hand, depend on reactive care and physical treatments. DTx is frequently more accessible, affordable, and scalable7.
2. The Role of Technology in Healthcare:
The WHO defines health technology as the methods, medications, tools, and processes used to provide medical treatment as well as the systems that support them. Three key elements make up healthcare: (i) service providers (such as physicians, nurses, and technicians); (ii) emergency services; and (iii) people. The technology-based remote services that providers utilize to support, preserve, or restore patient health are the major topic of this study8. Technology adoption in healthcare has rapidly increased to improve care quality and efficiency. Patient demand and cost reduction are important motivators. In order to stay up with other technologically sophisticated industries, organizations are adopting health technology9.
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medical Devices:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) entails building computers that use algorithms to simulate human cognitive processes like learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. Advanced analytics and more data availability are revolutionizing healthcare10. A branch of artificial intelligence called Machine Learning (ML) employs statistical methods to help computers learn from data, increasing the speed and precision of medical activities without the need for explicit programming11. With their increased efficiency and lower costs, AI and ML are becoming major forces in the advancement of healthcare. Their integration facilitates medication development, monitoring, treatment planning, diagnostics, and workflow optimization while improving patient care. These technologies promise a significant shift in the way healthcare is delivered by enabling personalized medication and predictive analytics12.
By predicting drug-protein interactions, identifying targets, and modeling molecules, artificial intelligence (AI) expedites the drug development process. Large chemical and biological databases are analyzed by machine learning to identify new medications, save money, and shorten development times. Additionally, it improves medication safety by predicting interactions and negative effects13. AI predicts the best therapies by analyzing genetic, environmental, and patient data. This improves results, minimizes adverse effects, and reduces trial-and-error in healthcare14.
The Role of Mobile Apps, Wearables and Remote Monitoring:
Through wireless data transmission and long-term health tracking, mobile health (mHealth) technology—such as smartphones, tablets, and wearables—is improving cancer treatment. These technologies assist ongoing, individualized treatment and research by tracking vital signs, activities, and other medical data 15. Through the use of wearables, smartphones, and the Internet, eHealth and mHealth have improved, allowing people to better understand and control their health by self-monitoring everyday factors like sleep, activity, and food. By encouraging more participation and autonomy, self-tracking gadgets support patient empowerment and habit modification. In order to provide better treatment, they also give doctors access to real-time clinical data.
By providing individualized treatment and real-time insights, wearable health devices can enhance the management of chronic diseases. Issues including data accuracy, privacy, cost, and user engagement need to be resolved if they are to realize their full potential16.
3. Digital Therapeutics for Chronic Diseases:
1) Diabetes:
By filling up the gaps in self-care, medication adherence, and glucose monitoring, DTx models for prediabetes, T1DM, and T2DM improve disease management. In order to improve glycaemic control and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes, they use psychological frameworks to encourage patient participation, behavioural change, and real-time professional feedback17. Diabetes-related fatalities and DALYs are largely caused by high BMI and unhealthy lifestyles. The WHO SDG targets for managing prediabetes depend on focused, data-driven initiatives. Significant clinical gains, such as a 2% decrease in HbA1c and improved lipid profiles, have been demonstrated by digital health models that use the Chronic Care Model (CCM) in primary care, such as One Medical. This underscores the great potential of tech-assisted chronic care in diabetes treatment18. With 59.1% of patients or caregivers now utilizing them and 22% planning to do so within the next five years, mobile applications are regarded as one of the best technologies for managing diabetes. By reducing the psychological load and improving self-management, these apps help with reminders, meal monitoring, device integration, and motivation through gamification, trend visualization, and psychosocial support19. While DDMTs offer promising benefits, challenges remain in their long-term effectiveness, accessibility, and patient adherence. Short-term glycaemic improvements are possible, but sustained outcomes require ongoing patient engagement and provider support. Barriers like digital literacy gaps, costs, and data security concerns hinder widespread adoption. Real-world evidence is crucial to guide clinical use and improve diabetes care strategies20.
2) Hypertension:
In order to assist lifestyle modifications and blood pressure control, a digital therapeutics platform for hypertension incorporates interactions between patients, doctors, and apps. Important actions include gathering patient information, providing individualized interventions, delivering interactive education, and encouraging self-assessment and planning. A customized, data-driven approach to care is made possible by the process' flexibility, which allows for repeated teaching as needed21. We created the HERB system, a prescription digital therapeutics (DTx) solution that combines a patient app with a web platform for physicians, to improve lifestyle-based hypertension management. The DTx group demonstrated a significantly higher 24-hour systolic blood pressure reduction over 12 weeks in comparison to controls in the HERB-DH1 phase III RCT, which included 390 untreated hypertensive patients aged ≤65. The results were strengthened by the within-subjects approach, which assisted in reducing individual variability22.
CureApp HT is a digital treatment for hypertension that consists of a web portal for medical professionals and a smartphone app for patients. By enhancing patient attitudes, knowledge, and contact with doctors, it encourages lifestyle improvements. Physicians develop personalized blood pressure goals after seeing behavioral changes. Patients adopt lifestyle recommendations from apps and consider how these adjustments affect their blood pressure23.
3) Mental Health Disorders:
Schizophrenia:
Apps, virtual reality, online therapy, and smart homes are examples of digital technology for schizophrenia that address different symptoms. Although these technologies support drug adherence, education, and self-management, ethical issues are frequently disregarded. Most apps offer reminders, coping strategies, and psychosocial support. Although there are still some usability problems, the Telemedicine Moneo Platform and DMS systems demonstrated improved adherence and favourable patient attitudes24.
Depression and Anxiety:
Because of its structured, self-guided approach, digital treatments frequently incorporate well-established psychological techniques, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). With proper commitment, digital cognitive behavioral therapy has demonstrated efficacy for sadness and anxiety that is on par with in-person therapy. In addition to anonymous peer support and remote therapist assistance, the MHP intervention offers therapist-guided modules via mobile device that incorporate mindfulness exercises, films, and CBT-based content25.
4) Obesity and Weight Management:
Digital scales and applications provide remote weight monitoring, which eliminates the need for clinic visits by enabling medical professionals to monitor patient progress and modify treatment regimens. Telemedicine-based monitoring resulted in a BMI reduction of more than 3% when compared to controls in an RCT including 230 persons26. Using input data, weight loss simulation software such as *My Diet Model*, *Visualize You*, and *Virtual Weight Loss Simulator* assist users in visualizing changes to their bodies. Nevertheless, a lot of them depend on artificial models or need manual changes, which results in predictions that are not precise and don't match users' actual appearance. This may restrict their efficacy and cause a sensation of disconnection27.
5) Insomnia:
Telemedicine for sleep problems is growing thanks to wearable technology (WDs) and mobile applications (MAs), such as Fitbit. They enhance adherence and allow precise sleep tracking when used with CBT-I apps. For the purpose of treating insomnia, a pilot research created a CBT-I app that was synchronized with WDs28. In a similar vein, the online CBT-I application *Sleepio*, which includes visual sleep exercises, asserts that it is more economical and effective than sleeping drugs29. In addition to popular sleep applications, there are a number of specialized apps for insomnia, like blue light filters for phones used at night and snoring monitors. To solve particular sleep problems, numerous other sleep-related apps are constantly being created30.
6) Parkinson disease:
Tools for promoting healthy behaviours including exercise, nutrition, and sleep are provided by digital therapies. Maintaining these improvements is difficult, though, particularly for those who have Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive behavioral change techniques that have been shown to promote long-lasting behaviour modification are used in many digital approaches31.
There are two primary types of apps related to PD:
Symptoms such as bradykinesia, tremor, gait, vision, speech, cognition, spatial context, and mood are assessed via **assessment apps**. **Treatment apps**, which are separated into: Gait rehabilitation applications that use vibratory or rhythmic cues to enhance walking and lessen freezing episodes; * Medical management apps for self-care and medication adherence, including tools for deep brain stimulation decisions32.
7) Asthma:
By encouraging self-management, facilitating long-term symptom tracking, and improving treatment adherence, wearable technology, mobile health apps, and monitoring tools can all help control asthma33. Digital inhalers and other electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) monitor inhaler technique and use to enhance medication adherence. They give patients immediate feedback and send information to medical professionals for remote monitoring and individualized care. Digital inhalers might be integrated devices or sensors that are added on34. Asthma patients can now purchase smart inhalers, which track inhalation method and dose utilization using wireless technology and sensors. Through dashboards and cloud storage, they make information available to patients and healthcare providers by sending data via Bluetooth or NFC to associated smartphone apps. To evaluate the quality of inhalation, some also use flow sensors35.
8) COPD:
Using an AI-driven methodology, we created functional specifications for a mobile COPD self-management app based on a requirements study. By integrating clinical recommendations and behavior modification techniques into a semantic web-based COPD self-management ontology that addresses symptoms, triggers, surroundings, and behaviors, the prototype offers individualized action plans36. Digital inhalers are becoming essential e-health tools for COPD and asthma management. They monitor drug compliance and facilitate prompt, individualized therapy when paired with information on symptoms, physiology, and surroundings. Their efficacy is further increased by sophisticated features including real-time inhalation feedback and location tracking37. Teva Digihaler (USA), Amiko Respiro (Europe), and Propeller Health and Adherium Hailie (global) are examples of common digital inhalers. The INCA device (Ireland/UK) has made significant research contributions to the field while not being sold38.
9) Alzheimer:
Smartphones and smartwatches are emerging tools for collecting Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and endpoints. With integrated sensors (such as GPS, accelerometers, and microphones), they record information on location, activity, voice, and tremors. Additionally, they facilitate gamified apps and cognitive tests, allowing for consistent, dependable monitoring outside of clinical settings39.
In Alzheimer's research, EEG and fNIRS are frequently used to track blood flow and brain activity during cognitive or dance-based training. While fNIRS measures oxygenation, EEG monitors frequency variations in different parts of the brain. Neurofeedback may improve training, and research combining EEG and fNIRS provide more accurate data. These techniques encourage the creation of novel therapies in spite of difficulties with design and data processing40. Tweri, which is an Android application designed in the collaboration with a Spanish association for relatives of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Tweri offers Alzheimer's patients a tracking feature41.
4. Categories of Digital Therapeutics and Product Examples:
The Digital Therapeutics Alliance classified DTx into four categories. Each DTx treatment falls into one of the following groups according to the characteristics of its target product:
1. Address a medical condition.
2. Manage or prevent a medical disorder or disease.
3. Optimize medication.
4. Treat a medical disease or disorder.
The requirements for DTx products differ depending on the category and goal. While Category 4 requires prescriptions, Category 1 permits direct-to-consumer access. With clinical programs mostly in the United States, the majority of DTx currently in use are Category 2 or 3. Two Category 4 DTx for substance use disorders were authorized by the FDA by 2018. All Category 4 DTx use CBT primarily to treat mental health issues1.
Pear Therapeutics:
The commercialized DTx reSET (Pear Therapeutics Inc., MA, USA) is a prime example. The first interactive DTx approved by the FDA for use in cognitive-behavioral treatment for individuals with drug and alcohol addiction is called reSET. Based on the findings of a patient self-questionnaire, reSET offers both in-person treatment with medical experts and professional online counseling. Furthermore, by using video games to stimulate and activate the prefrontal cortex, EndeavorRx (Akili Interactive Labs Inc., MA, USA), a DTx for pediatric ADHD, has shown that it can raise a patient's attention index (API)42.
Propeller Health:
When used with asthma and COPD patients, respectively, Teva Pharmaceuticals' Propeller Health (ResMed (Propeller Health), WI, USA) 20 and ProAir Digihaler (Teva Pharmaceuticals Inc., NJ, USA) 21 medication reminders with inhalers have been shown to reduce inhaler use by 79% and have received FDA-510(k) certification. By connecting inhalers to sensors and smartphone apps, their Propeller system enables patients to monitor their symptoms, medication use, and environmental triggers in real time. Healthcare professionals can modify treatment regimens in accordance with this data7.
Big Health:
The online sleep disorder counseling program and sleep management feature of Sleepio (Big Health, CA, USA), which was created to treat sleep problems, have been shown to increase treatment effectiveness from 20 to 76%42.
Kaia Health:
In the US and the EU, Kaia Health treats back pain. Provides members with individualized, self-directed care via a care team and digital app at anytime, anyplace. Kaia's cutting-edge motion analysis technology eliminates the need for sensors by providing real-time corrective feedback on body movements using only the phone's camera.
Hygieia:
USA and EU D-Nav Type 2 diabetes Based on the glucose measurements the patient is already scheduled to take with the d-Nav, this handheld device automatically titrates the insulin dosage. Patients use the device to check their glucose level before each injection and to obtain a recommended insulin dose. By analyzing glucose patterns, d-Nav automatically adjusts insulin dosage over time without supervision to fit patients’ changing needs while working to prevent an increase in hypoglycemia43.
Omada Health:
A thorough digital therapeutics program is available from Omada Health to help avoid long-term illnesses like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Their platform combines a number of digital technologies, such as virtual health coaching, behavior modification programs, and linked gadgets for remote monitoring. In order to avoid or treat chronic illnesses, the objective is to assist consumers in embracing better lifestyles7.
5. Pharmaceutical Drugs vs. Digital therapeutics:
In contrast to medications, DTx requires a reliable internet connection and digital health technology (DHT). Tier A (system tools, no patient impact), Tier B (information/communication tools, such as CBT applications), and Tier C (diagnosis/treatment tools, such as for diabetes) are the three evidence levels into which DHTs are categorized based on their purpose and clinical risk. Budget effect analysis is necessary for economic analysis that differs according to financial risk—basic, low, or high commitment. Government-funded high-risk DHTs also require cost-utility analysis44.
Pay-per-use reimbursement is made possible by DTx, which tracks patient adherence without penalizing either payers or patients. This encourages individualized therapy and enables the early detection of non-adherence. In contrast to conventional approaches, it provides flexible and ethical reimbursement techniques; yet, healthcare decision-makers face both opportunities and obstacles when tying payment to adherence45.
In conclusion, by offering evidence-based therapies for a range of illnesses, digital therapeutics contribute to traditional medicine. They improve patient involvement, access to care, and provide tailored interventions to support conventional methods46.
6. Regulation and Approval of DTX:
Regulatory compliance is crucial when developing digital health products and includes standards such as Good Clinical Practices (GCP), Medical Device Regulation (MDR), and ISO guidelines. In the U.S., the FDA allows enforcement discretion for low-risk apps, which do not need premarket approval47. However, clinically validated DTx like reSET-O must meet FDA safety and efficacy standards. In Europe, the EMA and national authorities ensure that digital health tools (DHTTs) provide reliable clinical evidence and comply with medical device regulations, with risk levels evaluated by notified bodies and competent authorities48. In 2021, the NHS introduced the Digital Technology Assessment Criteria (DTAC) to ensure the safety, quality, and compliance of digital health tools49. However, Europe still lacks a unified regulatory framework for DTx, with fragmented approval and reimbursement processes. Germany’s DiGA fast-track system leads the way by allowing doctors to prescribe approved digital health apps covered by insurance50.
7. Challenges for Digital Therapeutics:
Network security:
Digital medicine offers benefits like better adherence, follow-up, health monitoring, and patient care, but all depend on a strong operational digital infrastructure. Robust cybersecurity is essential, as cyberattacks are inevitable—it’s only a matter of when and where51. Examine how healthcare systems can use blockchain, AI-based threat detection, and enhanced encryption to protect against ransomware, hacking, and data manipulation. Additionally, investigate the security of virtual health equipment and distributed digital medicines, emphasizing dependable and secure data transfer between patients and providers.
Data Privacy:
Large volumes of health data are necessary for the development of digital health, so protecting this data during its collection, transmission, storage, and analysis is crucial. Every step requires strong control, but the data privacy laws in place are still insufficient. Working together across industries, ethics, technology, and legislation is necessary to address this. The EU's GDPR (2018), for instance, protects data transfers beyond the EU, requires stronger consent, and gives people the ability to see or delete their data52.
Interoperability:
The capacity of systems to efficiently exchange and utilize medical data is known as interoperability. Managing massive amounts of data across many platforms, which calls for standardized communication protocols, is a major difficulty in digital medicine. For meaningful data transmission, syntactic and semantic compatibility are both essential. For efficient data transfer and all-encompassing care, it also entails organizational, legal, and policy coordination, necessitating cross-industry cooperation and regulatory assistance53.
Digital divide:
The difference between people who have access to information and communication technologies and those who do not is known as the "digital divide." Because it has the potential to exacerbate already-existing social inequities, it is a serious concern for international organizations and governments. This division is frequently influenced by factors that affect people's capacity to participate fully in society, such as income, age, education, ethnicity, and urbanization54.
Adoption:
Emerging digital medicines are viewed with scepticism since healthcare professionals frequently want substantial clinical proof before implementing novel treatments. Many people may be resistant to software-based remedies and yet favor conventional medications. Despite existing clinical trials and evidence-based backing, adoption of AI-driven medical devices is further limited by reluctance to learn and interact with them55.
Language and Localization:
Language and cultural hurdles are impeding the global adoption of digital therapies, which impacts the quality of care and communication between patients and providers. Providers must address issues including poor health literacy and misunderstandings while ensuring clear language and cultural relevance in order to enhance health outcomes56.
Penetrating New Markets:
Adopt a commercial perspective, engage providers as advocates, and concentrate on user-centered design in order to penetrate the digital therapeutics sector. Since they establish a connection with patients, provider support is essential. Although it is now constrained by trial data, expanding insurance coverage is also essential; new digital health formularies may help with this57.
Regulatory:
Despite efforts to assure patient safety, regulatory regulations from organizations such as the FDA and NHS hinder the adoption of digital therapies by delaying development, approval, and market launch58.
8. Clinical Trials:
Randomized Controle Trials:
The gold standard for assessing medications and FDA-approved digital therapies (DTx) is confirmatory RCTs. These studies evaluate clinical endpoints using predetermined statistical tests and randomized, parallel group designs in accordance with CONSORT principles. This demonstrates that DTx, either by itself or in combination with other therapies, may be evaluated successfully using conventional RCT techniques59.
9. Scope of Digital Therapeutics in India:
The rise of chronic illnesses in India is straining the country's healthcare system. 63% of deaths are from noncommunicable diseases, 24% are from hypertension, and 9–10% are from diabetes. 75million individuals have diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses account for 27% of fatalities among those aged 40 to 69. Due to stress and sedentary lifestyles, rising economic growth is associated with an increase in chronic health problems, especially among younger persons in their 30s60. Managing a chronic illness requires a number of measures that might be difficult without the right resources or expertise. Evidence-based treatments for managing chronic illnesses are offered by digital therapies, which also ease the burden on healthcare systems and increase access, particularly in rural regions 3.
CONCLUSION:
Digital therapeutics (DTx) have emerged as a powerful innovation in healthcare, offering scientifically validated, software-based interventions for the prevention, management, and treatment of a wide range of physical and mental health conditions. By combining clinical science with advanced digital tools such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, mobile applications, and wearable devices, DTx provide personalized, data-driven, and continuous care that enhances treatment outcomes and patient engagement. Their growing importance is especially evident in the management of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and mental health disorders, which account for the majority of global deaths. Through real-time monitoring, behavioral modification, and remote support, DTx help patients maintain adherence to treatments while reducing the burden on healthcare systems. Countries like the U.S., Germany, Japan, and India are increasingly integrating digital therapies into their healthcare infrastructure, highlighting their expanding global relevance.
However, challenges such as data privacy, cybersecurity risks, lack of regulatory uniformity, digital literacy gaps, and limited awareness among both patients and healthcare professionals continue to hinder widespread adoption. Overcoming these barriers will require stronger global collaboration, standardized regulations, and greater investment in digital infrastructure.
In conclusion, digital therapeutics represent the future of personalized healthcare—offering accessible, affordable, and effective solutions that complement traditional medicine. With continued innovation, clinical validation, and policy support, DTx have the potential to reshape healthcare delivery worldwide, shifting the focus from reactive treatment to proactive, preventive, and patient-centered care.
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Received on 10.04.2026 Revised on 01.05.2026 Accepted on 18.05.2026 Published on 14.07.2026 Available online from July 25, 2026 Research J. Science and Tech. 2026; 18(3):284-292. DOI: 10.52711/2349-2988.2026.00040
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